V1.3: Has Many

Also known as one-to-many, is an association between a single entity (Author) and a collection of many other linked entities (Book).

Setup

$ bundle exec hanami generate model author
      create  lib/bookshelf/entities/author.rb
      create  lib/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository.rb
      create  db/migrations/20171024081558_create_authors.rb
      create  spec/bookshelf/entities/author_spec.rb
      create  spec/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository_spec.rb

$ bundle exec hanami generate model book
      create  lib/bookshelf/entities/book.rb
      create  lib/bookshelf/repositories/book_repository.rb
      create  db/migrations/20171024081617_create_books.rb
      create  spec/bookshelf/entities/book_spec.rb
      create  spec/bookshelf/repositories/book_repository_spec.rb

Edit the migrations:

# db/migrations/20171024081558_create_authors.rb
Hanami::Model.migration do
  change do
    create_table :authors do
      primary_key :id

      column :name,       String,   null: false
      column :created_at, DateTime, null: false
      column :updated_at, DateTime, null: false
    end
  end
end

# db/migrations/20171024081617_create_books.rb
Hanami::Model.migration do
  change do
    create_table :books do
      primary_key :id

      foreign_key :author_id, :authors, on_delete: :cascade

      column :title,      String,   null: false
      column :on_sale,    TrueClass, null: false, default: false
      column :created_at, DateTime, null: false
      column :updated_at, DateTime, null: false
    end
  end
end

Now we can prepare the database:

$ bundle exec hanami db prepare

Basic usage

Let’s edit AuthorRepository with the following code:

# lib/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository.rb
class AuthorRepository < Hanami::Repository
  associations do
    has_many :books
  end

  def create_with_books(data)
    assoc(:books).create(data)
  end

  def find_with_books(id)
    aggregate(:books).where(id: id).as(Author).one
  end
end

We have defined explicit methods only for the operations that we need for our model domain. In this way, we avoid to bloat AuthorRepository with dozen of unneeded methods.

Let’s create an author with a collection of books with a single database operation:

repository = AuthorRepository.new

author = repository.create_with_books(name: "Alexandre Dumas", books: [{title: "The Count of Montecristo"}])
  # => #<Author:0x007f811c415420 @attributes={:id=>1, :name=>"Alexandre Dumas", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :books=>[#<Book:0x007f811c40fe08 @attributes={:id=>1, :author_id=>1, :title=>"The Count of Montecristo", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC}>]}>

author.id
  # => 1
author.name
  # => "Alexandre Dumas"
author.books
  # => [#<Book:0x007f811c40fe08 @attributes={:id=>1, :author_id=>1, :title=>"The Count of Montecristo", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC}>]

What happens if we load the author with AuthorRepository#find?

author = repository.find(author.id)
  # => #<Author:0x007f811b6237e0 @attributes={:id=>1, :name=>"Alexandre Dumas", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC}>
author.books
  # => nil

Because we haven’t explicitly loaded the associated records, author.books is nil. We can use the method that we have defined on before (#find_with_books):

author = repository.find_with_books(author.id)
  # => #<Author:0x007f811bbeb6f0 @attributes={:id=>1, :name=>"Alexandre Dumas", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :books=>[#<Book:0x007f811bbea430 @attributes={:id=>1, :author_id=>1, :title=>"The Count of Montecristo", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC}>]}>

author.books
  # => [#<Book:0x007f811bbea430 @attributes={:id=>1, :author_id=>1, :title=>"The Count of Montecristo", :created_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC, :updated_at=>2016-11-15 09:19:38 UTC}>]

This time author.books has the collection of associated books.

Add and Remove

What if we need to add or remove books from an author? We need to define new methods to do so.

# lib/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository.rb
class AuthorRepository < Hanami::Repository
  # ...

  def add_book(author, data)
    assoc(:books, author).add(data)
  end

  def remove_book(author, id)
    assoc(:books, author).remove(id)
  end
end

Let’s add a book:

book = repository.add_book(author, title: "The Three Musketeers")

And remove it:

repository.remove_book(author, book.id)

Querying

An association can be queried:

# lib/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository.rb
class AuthorRepository < Hanami::Repository
  # ...

  def books_count(author)
    assoc(:books, author).count
  end

  def on_sales_books_count(author)
    assoc(:books, author).where(on_sale: true).count
  end

  def book_exists?(author, id)
    book_for(author, id).exists?
  end

  private

  def book_for(author, id)
    assoc(:books, author).where(id: id)
  end
end

You can also run operations on top of these scopes:

# lib/bookshelf/repositories/author_repository.rb
class AuthorRepository < Hanami::Repository
  # ...

  def delete_on_sales_books(author)
    assoc(:books, author).where(on_sale: true).delete
  end
end